Oorlog Rusland 21 juni 2015 - groeiende Verzameling Ukraine historische links

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native american highres 5.5. mb
found by yandex not google or tineye
https://x.com/brettachapman/status/2010368564117807193
Native Americans in the US were not conquered. The government didn't annex land by conquest but by hundreds of fraudulent treaties presented to leaders of Indigenous nations by federal officials. Those Native nations are still here, too, meaning the injustice remains ongoing!
found by yandex not google or tineye
https://thenativeamericanmart.com/collections/native-american-poster/products/native-historical-poster?variant=1000017099744712

https://geohistory.today/origins-of-russia-pt1/

Origins of Russia: Moscow Becomes an Empire (Prehistory to 1584) | founded 1147 by Kyiv who was founded 482, differs 665 years, Muscovy 1263 differs 781 years, so Kyiv Ukraine is the Mother (of) RUS


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuWhVyhu6oQ
https://open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu/articles/5-198
A revised radiocarbon chronology for the mammoth bone structures and associated features at Mezhyrich, Ukraine 20.000 BCE

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For the first time Ukraine is mentioned in the Ipatyev chronicle. Take note, don't
Malorussia, not any other way, namely Ukraine.
The annual vault
includes several components - the Lavrenty chronicle, Novel
temporary years, Chernihiv, Kiev, Galician-Volyn chronographies in
of which events from 860 to 1292 are described.
The sources of chronology are very
The princely chronological records, princely certificates, reports are diverse.
ambassadors, military novels, eyewitness stories, Greek chronicles and more.
For the first time Ukraine is mentioned in the chronological novel about Igor's campaign.
Svyatoslavovich on Polovtsev in 1185.
Kyivskaya in many sources
Russia identifies with Ukraine.
In some edits for example in
Ermolaevsky List (1189-1213), Ukraine is called Krainina, in
Kiev chronicle - Ukrainian Galichskaya...
The name is also "Ukraine"
is mentioned in connection with the death of Prince Vladimir Glebovich,
later - while describing events during the reign of the Prince of Galicia and Volyn
Данила Домановиєа.
Something like that...
Nobody knew Moscow and Russia at that time...
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Higher Educational Institutions: The Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in 1724. , Moscow University in 1755. In Ukraine
Ostrog Academy was founded in 1576, Lviv University was founded in 1661
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The printed alphabet in Ukraine was published in 1574 in Lviv, in the Moscow Kingdom it happened 60 years later - in 1634.
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Religion: The metropolis of Kiev was founded in 988, and Moscow only in 1458. The Kiev metropolis is 460 years older than Moscow.
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Capital: Kyiv was founded in 482, Moscow was founded in 1147 by Vladimir Monomakh's son Yuri Dolgoruk.
So, Kyiv is 665 years older than Moscow.
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The first monarch in a classical sense was crowned in the Moscow Kingdom Ivan the Terrible 1547 in our lands Daniel Romanovich Galitsky - 1253.
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Mongolian Yoke: Kyiv lost the Mongolian yoke in 1363 after the Battle of the Blue Waters; Moscow lost the yoke in 1480 after standing on Ugra, and Moscow paid tribute to the Crimean Khan up to
1700 including the beginning of the reign of Peter 1.
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Title: For the first time, the term "Ukraine" in the chronicles is found under 1187.
For the first time the term "Russia" is found only during the reign of Ivan the Terrible 400 years later.
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The author of one of the world's first constitutions is Pylip Orlyk.
April 5, 1710, he was elected a hetman. On the same day, he declared the "Constitution of the rights and freedoms of the Zaporozhye Army".
The United States Constitution was adopted in 1787. Only in France and Poland in 1791
Historical facts that you need to know.
1. Tsar Peter I renamed the state called Muscovy to Russia in the 18th century, in 1721!!!
2. The Moksha tribe named their river Moscow, and the translation of this name, from the Moksha language, sounds like "dirty water" !!! No other languages of the world can't translate the word Moscow!!! The word "Kremlin" is Tatar and means reinforcements on the high-rise!!!
З. In the Middle Ages, all European cartographers wrote and drew the European border along the borders of Russia (Russia is the territory of present Ukraine) !!! Muscovy - Ulus, with its Finnish peoples, has always been a part of the Horde, and its Europe treated Asia fairly!!!
4. Muscovy (Russia) paid tribute to the Crimean Khan, its SOVEREIGN and HOST, who was the rightful successor to the Golden Horde, up until 1700 !!! The King of Muscovy met the Crimean ambassador on the Poklonnaya Hill, put him on his horse, on foot himself, under the bridle, led the horse with the Crimean ambassador to the Kremlin, put him onto his throne and kneeled before him !!!
5. In 1610, the Genghizid dynasty (a relative of Genghis Khan) ended in Moscow on Boris Godunov (murza Gudun), and Alexei Koshka of the Finnish Mare family was brought to the throne, and when he married him to the Kingdom, the church gave him the surname Romanov, who allegedly came from Rome to rule Moscow!!!
6. Catherine II, after the occupation of the last free Russian State - the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (territory of Belarus) in 1795. , by my order I ordered to name the threatened-Finnish tribes of Muscovy some Great Russians, and Ukrainians - true Russians - Little Russians !!!
7. No one has ever seen the agreement on reunification between Moscow and Ukraine, allegedly signed by B. Khmelnitsky and Tsar A. Romanov!!!
8. For several centuries archeologist Muscovites have been looking for artifacts to confirm the authenticity of the Kulikov battle, but so far no success, here is only a fable about the victory of D. They still sing Donsky over Mamay, loud and clear!! 9. Pskov, Novgorod, Smolensk oblasts of Russia are the former Slavic-Russian principals, and they had nothing to do with the threat-Finnish Muscovy until the Moscow-Horde occupied them in 1462, 1478 and 1654 respectively!!! And in other regions of Russia (Moscow) Slavic tribes and peoples have never inhabited!!!
10. The Golden Horde and its daughter, Muscovia, are the only countries in the world that have kept their own people in slaves!!! This explains the eternal backwardness of natural fossil-rich Muscovy from the comparatively natural resources of European countries!!! After all, the effectiveness of the work of free people is much higher than that of slaves!!!
P/S.
A new blow to the myths of the Russian national consciousness!!! At the beginning of research on the gene fund of the Russian people conducted by Russian scientists in 2000-2006. They have shown that genetically Russians are not Slavs at all, but purebred Finns, no different from Mordva (see. article "Face of Russian Nationality", No.15, 2006). According to the Moscow Lev Gumilev Center dated March 18, Russian scientists conducted an unheard-of study of the Russian gene pool for the first time in history - and were shocked by the results !!! Including these studies fully confirmed that Russians are not Slavs, but only Russian-speaking Finns. The results of the analysis of mitochondrial DNA have shown that another closest relative of Russians, in addition to the Finns of Finland, are Tatars: Russians from Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conditional units, which separate them from the Finns!!! In the myth about the "Slavic roots of Russians" scientists of Russia put a fat point: there is NOTHING from Slavs in Russian!!!! There is only about Slavic-Russian, but it also contains 60–70% non-Slavic vocabulary, so a Russian person cannot understand Slavic languages, although a true Slavic understands any Slavic languages (except Russian) because of the similarity of Slavic languages. Russians live in Russia, but not Russians. RUSSIA was and is, only KYIV!!!




https://historianet.nl/beschavingen/vikingen/de-vikingen-kregen-niet-zomaar-met-iedereen-kinderen?utm_source=crm&utm_medium=email&utm_content=981278_24011

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01468-4
The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present

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https://archaeologymag.com/2026/02/hunter-gatherer-family-ties-on-gotland/

More Than Kin: DNA Reveals 5,500-Year-Old Stone Age Clans in Sweden's Gotland
https://arkeonews.net/more-than-kin-dna-reveals-5500-year-old-stone-age-clans-in-swedens-gotland/

https://www.chipchick.com/2026/02/in-a-rare-cemetery-from-the-stone-age-a-teen-girl-was-laid-to-rest-with-her-dads-bones-on-top-of-her

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https://www.occrp.org/uk/proekt/yanukovychleaks-nacionalnii-proekt
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2570062/Ukraine-government-looks-missing-20billion-gold-dries-secret-papers-fleeing-president-threw-water.html

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The Slavs were literate even before Cyril

Long before he created the alphabet, Cyril visited Crimea, Karsun (Chersonesos), and brought back the Gospel and Psalter, written in Russian letters. This has long been known, but it is carefully concealed and hushed up.

V.P. Gribkovsky

Did the Slavs have a written language before Cyril and Methodius?

Every year on May 24, the entire Slavic world solemnly celebrates a religious and national holiday—Slavic Literature and Culture Day. UNESCO has recognized 863, the year of Cyril and Methodius' first stay in Moravia, as the year the Slavic alphabet was created. However, it is generally accepted that the Slavs previously had no other script.

Although this opinion was never substantiated, it had long since become an unquestionable dogma. Scientific journals refused to publish articles proving the existence of writing among the Slavs before Cyril and Methodius. The authors of such works were viewed as scientific charlatans, like the inventors of perpetual motion machines.

But the idea of ��a perpetual motion machine contradicts the law of conservation of energy and matter, which applies to all mechanisms and machines without exception. And the hypothesis of the existence of a Proto-Slavic written language contradicts absolutely nothing, except perhaps the notion of the supposed general backwardness of the Slavs compared to other peoples. But this is more politics than science. Science must rely on objective facts and documents.

While working on the book "Language in the Natural Sciences and Higher Education" (Minsk, 1999), I discovered, quite unexpectedly, that the question of pre-Cyrillic writing had already been raised at the time of the invention of the Slavic alphabet. Who, if not Cyril's disciples, would know better than anyone how the Cyrillic (or Glagolitic) alphabet was created? Well, in the "Pannonian Life" (of Cyril), they assert that Cyril, long before "he created the alphabet, visited Crimea, Karsun (Chersonesos), and brought back the Gospel and Psalter, written in Russian letters."

Information about the books from Karsun is contained in all 23 copies of the Life, both East and South Slavic.

It has now become known from Arabic sources that as early as the 840s, there were baptized people among the Eastern Slavs, and it was for them that sacred books were written in Russian letters. A diploma of Pope Leo IV (pope from 847 to 855) is known, written in Cyrillic before its "invention." Catherine the Great wrote in her "Notes Concerning Russian History": "... the Slavs had a written language older than Nestor, but it has been lost and has not yet been found, and therefore has not reached us. The Slavs had writing long before the birth of Christ."

In his fundamental monograph "History of Writing" (Minsk, 1987), N.A. Pavlenko discusses six hypotheses about the origin of the Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets, and provides arguments in favor of the fact that both Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets were used by the Slavs in pre-Christian times.

The 19th-century Russian historian, Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Fine Arts E.I. Klassen, noted that "The Slavic Russians, as a people educated before the Romans and Greeks, left behind numerous monuments in all parts of the Old World, testifying to their presence there and to the earliest writing, arts, and education. These monuments will forever remain as indisputable evidence..."

The numerous names of the Slavic tribes and their settlement over large territories are discussed in the book by the Archbishop of Belarus Georgy Koninsky, "The History of the Rus' or Little Russia," published at the beginning of the 19th century.

Soviet historians had very limited access to foreign rare book repositories, museums, and other sources of information. Many valuable written monuments were unknown to them. The poor knowledge of Proto-Slavic writing among Soviet historians and linguists is convincingly demonstrated in S. Lesnoy's book, "Where Are You From, Rus'?" (Rostov-on-Don, 1995).

Evidence of some kind of writing among the Slavs in the pre-Cyrillic era is found in the works of the Arab authors Ibn Fadlan and El Massoudi, the Persian historian Fakhr ad-Din, and other scholars and travelers. The "Tale of the Letters" by the Bulgarian monk Hrabr, who lived at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, mentions the presence of runic writing among the Slavs: "Before, the Slavs did not have books, but rather, with their characters and cuts, they wrote and gadahs, which were evil."

Indeed, there are no books or large works written in runes. These are primarily inscriptions on gravestones, road signs, weapons, ceramics and other household items, jewelry, coins, and rock carvings. They are scattered throughout Scandinavia, Denmark, England, Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, Greenland, and even the Atlantic coast of America.

The science of runes (runology) distinguishes between Scandinavian, Germanic, and some other runes. It is believed that the Slavs did not have a runic script. Perhaps because of this, the achievements of runology are quite modest. Many inscriptions are declared incomprehensible, illegible, enigmatic, mysterious, and magical. They can only be read as supposedly ancient names of people, the names of clans about which nothing is currently known, and meaningless spells.

Therefore, the results of many years of work by Grinevich G.S., a senior research fellow at the Department of World History of the Russian Physical Society, became a real discovery in the history of the language. He showed that already 7 thousand years ago the Slavs had an original script, which was used to write the Terterian inscriptions (5th millennium BC), Proto-Indian inscriptions (25th-18th centuries BC), Cretan inscriptions (20th-13th centuries BC), Etruscan inscriptions (8th-2nd centuries BC), the so-called Germanic runes and ancient inscriptions of Siberia and Mongolia.

For decades, renowned runologists prevented G.S. Grinevich's articles from being published, which cannot be explained by any concern for the development of modern historical scholarship. Now it is possible to become fully acquainted with G.S. Grinevich's discoveries through his two-volume monograph, "Proto-Slavic Writing. Results of Decipherment" (vol. I, Moscow, 1993; vol. II, Moscow, 1999), and his extensive review, "How Many Millennia of Slavic Writing (On the Results of Deciphering Proto-Slavic Runes)" (Moscow, 1993).

Grinevich G.S. devoted the first years of his scholarly career to collecting inscriptions written in the "linear and cut" script, published in various, sometimes hard-to-find publications. A total of 150 inscriptions on objects found in the territories inhabited by the Eastern and Western Slavs, dating from the 4th to 10th centuries AD, were considered. At this time, the Slavic languages ��were still little different from each other.

Grinevich G.S.'s greatest achievement was deciphering the inscription on the Phaistos Disc (Crete, 17th century BC), which had previously been the subject of unsuccessful study by scholars around the world. The inscription (241 characters in total) reveals that the Rysichi tribe (i.e., Slavs) were forced to abandon their land, "Rysiyunia," where they endured much suffering and grief. The Rysichi found a new home in Crete. The author of the text calls for the preservation and protection of this land. This corresponds to historical data on the exodus of the Trypillians from the Dnieper region at the beginning of the second millennium BC.

Some of the 2,000 known Etruscan texts have also been deciphered, and it has been shown that they are written in a Proto-Slavic syllabic script. The Etruscans once inhabited the Italian Peninsula and created its most ancient civilization, many of whose achievements were inherited by the Romans and other peoples of Europe.

The so-called "Germanic" runic inscriptions have been read, and the ancient writing of Siberia and Mongolia has been deciphered.

With the advent of Cyrillic script among the Slavs, syllabic writing fell out of widespread use, but did not disappear completely, and began to be used as a secret script.

Grinevich G.S. cites and deciphers several examples of secret writing, namely the secret writing of the princes Baryatinsky (1675), in which Uncle Osip Fedorovich, betraying the Tsar, calls on his nephew Mikhail Petrovich to support the struggle of Ukraine for its independence.

Cast-iron signs in the fence of the Slobodskoy Palace in Moscow (the building of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University) signify that "the Hasid Domenico Gilardi has Nicholas I's cook in his power." An inscription on the wall of the room where Emperor Nicholas II and his family were murdered reads: "You are the slaves of the neti," meaning you are the slaves (servants) of Satan.

The text on the label attached to the main relic of the Templar Order – two skull bones kept in a large head made of gilded silver – has also been deciphered...

The discovery of Proto-Slavic syllabic writing and the decipherment of a large number of texts could not only significantly enrich the history of Indo-European languages, but also have a huge impact on the development of the history of the ancient peoples of the world.

According to Grinevich, the Proto-Slavs were involved in the creation of the most ancient cultures: Vinca-Turdaš, Trypillians, on the island of Crete, on the Apennine Peninsula (Etruscans), in Siberia, Mongolia and other places.

While this is an extraordinary conclusion, it is not entirely new. The very existence of numerous Proto-Slavic tribes was known and discussed long before Grinevich.

The names of E.I. Klassen, Georgy Koninsky, and Arabic and Persian authors were mentioned above. Let us cite another highly authoritative and reliable source.

In 1606, Archimandrite Mavro Orbini of Ragusa (MR Orbini) published a book in Italy, which was translated into Russian by decree of Peter I in 1722 under the title "The Book of the History of the Origin of the Name, Glory, and Expansion of the Slavic People and Their Tsars and Rulers under Many Names and with Many Kingdoms, Realms, and Provinces."

Based on a study of numerous historical sources, M. Orbini asserts that the Slavic people "embittered almost all the peoples of the universe with their weapons; they ravaged Pereida, ruled Asia and Africa, fought with the Egyptians and with the great Alexander; they subjugated Greece, Macedonia, and the Illerian lands; they took possession of Moravia, Silesia, Bohemia, Poland, and the shores of the Baltic Sea; they advanced into Italy, where they fought for many years against the Romans." This book, in particular, accurately describes the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.

Many unusual claims can be found in more ancient sources. Everyone knows "The Tale of Igor's Campaign." But far from everyone knows that another monument from the early Christian period has survived. The pagan (more correctly, "Vedic") poet Slavomysl wrote a poem called "The Song of the Slaughter of the Jewish Khazars by Svyatoslav Khorobre." The poet, in particular, asserts that such eminent Greeks as Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Democritus, Herodotus, and others were of Slavic origin.

"The list of Greek names concealing the Slavs is vast, including, among others, Aristar, who once lived on Samos, and Archimedes of Syracuse, who read the tablets of Svarog and comprehended the movement of Svarog's bodies." (Svarog is the Slavic god of heaven, the grandfather of the gods, also known as Triglav, Trinity, and the Universe.) The ancient Greeks elevated all these most worthy and wise Slavs (or semi-Slavs) "to the status of godlike Hellenes and recreated their images in stone sculptures. Unperturbed that their godlike appearances were Scythian barbarians."

In short, the traditional history of the ancient peoples of the world needs to be revised, since it does not agree with large amounts of old and new information...

https://vk.com/wall-69222461_542508

https://x.com/DevanaUkraine/status/2032801622951149768
The Great Illusion: Why Russia Didn't Actually "Win" WWII

Today, Russia uses May 9th as the sole foundation of its identity. It's a day when they roll out old scrap metal to scare the world with a "might" that has long since vanished. But if we unroll the scroll of history, we see that Russia's "victory" is nothing more than a heap of betrayals, stolen resources, and genocides.


🌑 The Roots of Evil: The Bolshevik Coup and the First Occupation

It didn't start in 1941, or even 1939. It started with a coup. Not the Yeltsin coup that paved the way for Putin's unlimited power, but the original coup by Lenin. Perhaps Russia sees "coups" everywhere today because their entire history is built on them: they escaped the Golden Horde through a coup, created the USSR through a coup, and Putin rules for life through a constitutional coup.

While the civilized world was reeling from WWI, the Bolsheviks were crushing the "Denikinites" and drowning the young Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) in blood. Russia attacked Ukraine back then because their goal was never freedom, but a "world revolution"—the occupation of Europe to spread the virus of Communism (or Bolshevism, as they preferred). Guess who saved Europe back then?

🤝 The Bloody Tandem: Stalin and Hitler

The USSR didn't "fight Nazism" from the start—it fed it. Russia financed the Third Reich and supplied oil and grain to the German army. The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was a pact between two predators to carve up Europe. Joint parades in Brest, handshakes between Wehrmacht and NKVD officers—their ideologies were twins. The only difference was whom they labeled "subhuman": for Hitler, it was race and nationality; for Stalin, it was class and nationality. Many historical facts even suggest that Stalin poisoned Lenin to seize total control.

🪓 The USSR: Life in the Shadow of the Executioner

Life in the Soviet Union was a continuous genocide. While Hitler was building death camps, Stalin had already spent decades starving Ukrainians during the Holodomor, executing the intelligentsia, and sending millions to the Gulags—which were death camps in their own right. Russia killed more of its own and "allied" citizens than the Nazis did. It was an empire of scarcity where a human life was worth less than a greasy General Staff map.

🗡� Ukraine's Role and Zhukov's Cynicism

At the start of the war, Russia failed shamefully, retreating and abandoning territories. In my native Lviv alone, as the Russians retreated, they murdered 150,000 political prisoners. Their "crime"? Nationalism—possessing Ukrainian books, speaking the language, or fighting for liberation. The bodies, mutilated by horrific torture, were simply piled in the streets. You can find the harrowing footage of this on YouTube under "Lonckoho Prison."

Victory only became possible due to the colossal resources of the Allies and the millions of Ukrainians used as "cannon fodder." Marshal Zhukov's infamous order—not to arm Ukrainians because "they'll have to be drowned in the Dnipro after the war anyway"—is the quintessence of the Russian attitude toward us. We carried the burden of the battles, but Moscow pocketed the achievements.

🚩 A Reichstag Without Russians and the Shame of Berlin

Few know that among those who raised the flag over the Reichstag, there wasn't a single Russian (they were Alexei Berest, a Ukrainian, and Meliton Kantaria, a Georgian). And when the "liberators" entered Berlin, they brought mass rape and looting—the same crimes they repeated in Bucha and Mariupol in 2022.

🇩🇪 Irony of Fate: Germany vs. Russia

Today, Germany—which lost and underwent denazification—is a leader of the free world with a high standard of living. Russia, the "winner," is stuck in poverty, corruption, and dictatorship. Why? Because winning a war isn't just about seizing land. It's about learning lessons. Germany no longer occupies others or conducts ethnic cleansings. Russia remains exactly as it was in Communist, Imperial, and Mongol times. It has undergone neither de-communization nor de-nazification.

Ordinary Russians suffer while their leaders live in paranoid luxury. These people support the regime with their silence, their police work, and their armies. Do they not realize they could be wealthier than Germany if their resources went to the people instead of wars? Perhaps they don't, for a tribe must undergo evolution to become a nation. Ironically, there is no "Russian" nation within the Russian Federation—only occupied republics like Buryatia, Chechnya, and Dagestan that long for independence. Why does Russia forbid them from seceding while lying about "separatism" in Donbas?

🕯� Why Do They Celebrate?

May 9th is a holiday of emptiness. Russia has no modern achievements in science, economy, or human rights. So they cling to the past. "Pobedobesiye" (Victory-mania) is a way to scare the world. They dream of returning to power by occupying Ukraine. But they forget one thing: those who build greatness on blood and lies are destined for the same collapse as their former ally in 1945.

They slap stickers on their Russian "Ladas" or even German Audis and Mercedes that say "To Berlin!" or "We can do it again!" But do what again? Even thinking Russians laugh at these phrases. Russia can repeat genocides and wars, but it cannot repeat an iPhone or a high-quality car

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Interesting facts about the Ukrainian language.
1. The modern Ukrainian language has about 256 thousand words.
2. According to the vocabulary, the closest to the Ukrainian language is Belarusian - 84% of the common vocabulary, followed by Polish and Serbian (70% and 68% respectively) and only then - Russian (62%). By the way, if you compare phonetics and grammar, Ukrainian has from 22 to 29 common features with Belarusian, Czech, Slovak and Polish languages, and with Russian only 11.
3. In the Ukrainian language, unlike the rest of the East Slavic languages, the noun has 7 distinctions, one of which is critical.
4. 448 r. Byzantine historian Prisk Paniyskiy, while in the camp of the Gun lord Attila on the territory of modern Ukraine, wrote down the words "honey" and "dish". This was the first mention of Ukrainian words.
5. Ukrainian language in different historical periods was called differently: simple, Russian, Russian, Cossack, etc. Historically the most used name of the Ukrainian language until the mid XIX century. was the name "Russian language".
6. In the Ukrainian language, most words begin with the letter "P".
7. The least used letter of the Ukrainian alphabet is the letter "F".
8. There are many synonyms in the Ukrainian language. For example, the word "horizon" has 12 synonyms: obriy, nebozvíd, skyscraper, krugovid, krugozir, krugoglâd, vidnokrug, vidnoko, vidnocraj, nebokraj, ovid.
9. The names of all baby animals are nouns of the middle species: calf, kitten, frog.
10. Ukrainian language is rich in reducing forms. Even the word "enemies" has a diminishing form - "enemies".
According to various data, the Ukrainian language ranks 25 or 32nd in terms of the number of speakers among the most common languages in the world. For 36-37,5 million people Ukrainian language is native. In total, 41-45 million people own Ukrainian in the world.
We remind you, "language is the DNA of the nation" is a volunteer educational project for all willing to improve their knowledge of the Ukrainian language

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Once my teacher at Athens university, prof. In his lectures on Ecclesiastical History, Fidas emphasized the importance of studying the so-called tacticons (τα тіτι Фі) or notitiae - the official and semi-official lists of the episcopal departments in Byzantium (more likely, the Eastern Roman Empire). And only today I got my hands on their originals (according to the Paris critical edition of Darrouse 1981). ). And indeed, I learned something very interesting from there.
Firstly, the Kyiv Metropolis under the order of the Patriarchate of Constantinople is first mentioned in the tacticon that it was laid after 1032. , in the time of the Komniv dynasty. And immediately sits honorary, as for a newcomer, 60th place. This is a well known fact. But it contains some lesser-known nuances.
First of all, the Kyiv Metropolis is listed among the "autocephal Поnih" eparchies - in the togočasnomu understanding of this word. Had in mind the large church-administrativní formations that did not have other jurisdiction pads over themselves, and the direction was related to Constantinople. Jurisdictions with "pads" over the head referred to the categories of those, "who belong to someone" (επε ).ομεναι). The Kiev Metropolis did not refer to the latter.
It keeps getting more interesting. In all tacticons, the Kiev metropolites were standard marked as "Russian" -- not "Russian" and not "Rutens всіхki", namely ο руσ коια. Already in the late Byzantine age, the tacticons begin to call them "metropolitams of Kyiv and all Russia" (μ πάτ миπο жеτ В Вυ Вου всіαι π Вσ В Вσ вαι). Why υ in the name of the city should be pronounced as Ukrainian " and ", not " and ". Starting at the beginning of the XIII century, the tacticons distinguish between "Greaterosia" ( коε ( ικσ ).α) and Minorosia ( міι мі міσε )α). Both Russians were members of the Kyiv Metropolis. To "Great Russia" tactics refer to, for example, Chernihiv, Pereyaslav, Kaniv and Galych. (Galych from XIV becomes for a short time a separate metropolis under the direct jurisdiction of Constantinople, but then returns again under Kyiv . ) Tacticon of the 1340s, related to Patriarch Filofei Kokkin, specifies what was then considered Minorussia: present Volyn, Galicia and Kholm region. Also, beware! , Smolensk (Smolensk in manuscript) was taken to Malorussia.
What is the conclusion here? - Moscow stole from us not only the name Russia, but even the name of Velikorussia. Because she herself in tacticons is not mentioned neither as Great Russia, nor even as Little Russia.

https://www.facebook.com/marina.trattner/posts/pfbid0SR7i5LjdKVFdWAUXTsV5L7K1mtdZFCsAaeKEb1eMfu7vnXQFpiqwbdUMG1JrfFtNl.

https://www.facebook.com/hovorun/posts/pfbid02ugNLEYeHkaCoNADtxYvmd9gCiU14CNmpq2A6kUBWwuoabjmAvaJMh4iU9Wyx5eV3l.

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it's Mother Ukraine, Kyiv 482-Moscow 1147(founded by Kyiv)  Ukraine is the real RUSSia , in 1721 Peter 1 stole name RUSS and its history from Ukraine, it's just Moscovia with Moskali-mOscovites in it and it shows

https://x.com/gun1man/status/2052829679929749845
In januari 1945 keerde de Amerikaanse journalist Edgar Snow terug uit de USSR en publiceerde hij in het tijdschrift The Saturday Evening Post het artikel "The Ukraine Pays the Bill"
Snow was een van de eersten in het Westen die luid de omvang van de Oekraïense verliezen aan de kaak stelde: niet minder dan 10 miljoen levens — soldaten en burgers, evenals materiële schade van 30-40 miljard dollar.
Snow benadrukte een belangrijk verschil: het grondgebied van Rusland had de Duitse bezetting slechts gedeeltelijk ondergaan, terwijl een aanzienlijk deel van Oekraïne door het front, bezetting, plundering, vernietiging, massale sterfgevallen en een demografisch gat was gegaan.
Dat betekent niet dat andere volkeren niet vochten en niet stierven. Dat deden ze wel. Maar de Oekraïense prijs van de Overwinning was te hoog om op te lossen in een vreemde politieke formule.
Snows schatting van 10 miljoen doden komt dicht bij de hedendaagse Oekraïense gedenkschattingen: de verliezen van Oekraïne in de Tweede Wereldoorlog worden vaak genoemd in het bereik van 8-10 miljoen mensen. Deze verliezen omvatten slachtoffers van gevechten, bezetting, honger, repressies, deportaties, gedwongen arbeid, ziekten, de Holocaust en de algemene vernietiging van het leven.
De demografische klap was enorm — tot 14 miljoen mensen. In schattingen wordt vaak aangegeven dat de bevolking van Oekraïne kromp van ongeveer 41 miljoen in 1941 tot ongeveer 27 miljoen in 1945. Dit zijn niet alleen de doden. Dit omvat ook geëvacueerden, gemobiliseerden, weggevoerden, ontheemden, vluchtelingen, mensen die buiten hun vorige leven terechtkwamen.
De materiële schade van 30-40 miljard dollar volgens de berekeningen van destijds is geen abstracte som. Het zijn vernietigde steden, dorpen, fabrieken, ziekenhuizen, scholen, mijnen, bruggen, spoorwegen, huizen, boerderijen en hele districten.
Oekraïne verloor ongeveer 700 steden en nederzettingen, 28 duizend dorpen, een enorm deel van de industrie en landbouw. De nazi's plunderden het land, en voerden graan, apparatuur, vee, grondstoffen, mensen en zelfs aarde weg.
En toen kwam de honger van 1946-1947. Formeel was de oorlog voorbij, maar voor veel families gingen dood, armoede en vernietiging door na de Overwinning.
De economische verliezen van Oekraïne bedroegen ongeveer 42% van de schade aan de hele USSR.
Ongeveer 10 miljoen mensen bleven zonder dak boven hun hoofd of leefden in verwoeste ruimtes.
De belangrijkste «fout» van de Russische propaganda is het omzetten van de multinationale prijs van de oorlog in een «Russische Overwinning».
Oekraïne was in de Tweede Wereldoorlog een thuis voor talloze volkeren. Op dit land leefden Oekraïners, Joden, Polen, Russen, Krim-Tataren, Roma, Belarussen, Moldaviërs, Grieken, Bulgaren, Hongaren, Roemenen, Duitse kolonisten en andere gemeenschappen.
Elke groep beleefde de oorlog op haar eigen manier. Maar ze allemaal belandden in een enorme catastrofe.
Oekraïners vormden de kern van de bevolking van de Oekraïense SSR en leden enorme verliezen aan het front en in het achterland. Miljoenen Oekraïners dienden in het Rode Leger, stierven in gevechten, werden krijgsgevangen gemaakt, keerden terug als invaliden, verloren families en huizen.
De burgerbevolking leed onder bezetting, represaillemissies, verbrande dorpen, gedwongen arbeid, honger, ziekten, deportaties en repressies.
Dit was niet alleen een militaire geschiedenis. Dit was een geschiedenis van de vernietiging van de samenleving.
Toen de sovjetmacht na de oorlog alleen sprak over het «Sovjetvolk», verdween de Oekraïense specificiteit. En wanneer hedendaags Rusland spreekt over een «Russische Overwinning», pleegt het een nog grovere vervanging: het eigent zich vreemd bloed, vreemde steden, vreemde graven en vreemd verdriet toe.
Hedendaags Rusland exploiteert de herinnering aan de Tweede Wereldoorlog als een politieke bron. Het spreekt over 26,6-27 miljoen gestorven burgers van de USSR, maar presenteert deze tragedie vaak alsof het bijna uitsluitend een Russisch offer en een Russische heldendaad is.
Dit is een historische leugen.
De sovjetverliezen waren multinationaal. In deze miljoenen zaten Oekraïners, Joden, Belarussen, Russen, Kazachen, Armeniërs, Georgiërs, Krim-Tataren, volkeren van de Baltische staten, de Kaukasus, Centraal-Azië en anderen.
Oekraïne betaalde een enorm deel van deze prijs. De Joden van Oekraïne beleefden een aparte tragedie van de Holocaust. West-Oekraïne ging voor de oorlog door een Stalinistische inname, soviëtisering, repressies, en vervolgens door een nazi-bezetting.
Maar de Russische propaganda doet alsof heel deze geschiedenis toebehoort aan Moskou.
Het eigent zich frontsoldaten van verschillende volkeren toe.
Het eigent zich Oekraïense steden en dorpen toe.
Het eigent zich de vernietigde economie van Oekraïne toe.
Het eigent zich Babi Jar toe.
Het eigent zich zelfs het recht toe om namens de Overwinning te spreken.
Dit klinkt bijzonder cynisch vandaag, wanneer Rusland, zich verschuilend achter woorden over de strijd tegen het nazisme, oorlog voert tegen Oekraïne — een land dat zelf een enorme prijs betaalde voor de vernietiging van nazi-Duitsland.
De Overwinning was gezamenlijk, maar de rekening was niet gelijk.
Oekraïne betaalde met miljoenen levens, verwoeste steden, vernietigde dorpen, honger, bezetting, gedwongen arbeid, repressies en een gebroken demografie.
Precies daarom is de hedendaagse Russische poging om de Overwinning toe te eigenen niet zomaar een twist over het verleden. Het is een poging om andere volkeren hun doden, hun pijn en hun recht om met eigen naam te spreken af te nemen.
Want wanneer Rusland de Overwinning aan zich toe-eigent, eigent het zich niet alleen militaire glorie toe. Het eigent zich Oekraïense ruïnes, graven, lotgevallen van gedeporteerden, gefusilleerden, omgekomenen door honger en hen wier namen decennia verborgen werden achter de woorden «Sovjetburgers» toe.
De Overwinning kan niet geprivatiseerd worden.
Verdriet kan niet toegeëigend worden.
Herinnering kan niet overgedragen worden aan hen die de doden gebruiken om een nieuwe oorlog te rechtvaardigen.

Auteur: Aleksandr Chmelnitski
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