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Oorlog Rusland 21 juni 2015 - groeiende Verzameling Ukraine historische links

Started by admin, June 17, 2015, 12:43:38 PM

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https://x.com/OlegKostour/status/1848921500105249276
Just when you thought it couldn't get any worse, here's Biden personally lobbying to disarm Ukraine on Nov 25, 1991, just as they become independent - to save Russia the headache.

> "The Soviet desire to get US support to destroy these weapons is not all because they worry they will be used against the United States. They worry they will be used against them (Russia).

> The Ukraine has a significant number of nuclear warheads on their landmass. They declare independence tomorrow, mr. president. They nationalize, in effect, all those weapons that are now on their territory.

> They become an INSTANT nuclear power, mr. president. With a government, we know naught of, in circumstances we cannot contemplate, and, for the Russian republic... a new dimension with which they have to deal."

https://x.com/OlegKostour/status/1848923261868150843 This was done with the knowledge that Russian nationalist leaders were already threatening the Baltics, Kazakhstan and Ukraine with military action.


https://x.com/OlegKostour/status/1848926834630766986

It's also mentioned that if a newly independent Ukraine doesn't comply with disarmament, withholding food aid should be on the table.

Virtually suggesting that the U.S. starve Ukraine into submission on the eve of their independence.

Again, that's Ukraine, a country that lost millions to a Stalinist genocide. Sam Nunn is a real class act.

https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/43812.George_F_Kennan 3

"Were the Soviet Union (or Russian Federation -moderator added) to sink tomorrow under the waters of the ocean, the American military-industrial establishment would have to go on, substantially unchanged, until some other adversary could be invented. Anything else would be an unacceptable shock to the American economy."

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The plan envisages freezing the conflict with the creation of autonomous regions and a demilitarized zone. Compliance with the agreement must be monitored by European troops.

At the same time, Ukraine will remain outside NATO, and it is proposed to use economic levers to pressure Russia, in particular, the reduction of energy prices.

"We are freezing the conflict, Ukraine is not ceding any territories, they are not giving up their territorial claims, and we are negotiating with the understanding that there will likely not be a final agreement until Putin leaves the scene." -  said Fred Fleitz, who worked in the first Trump administration.

If this is true, then fuck Trump!
https://x.com/DevanaUkraine/status/1850892378556522976



From Iron Dome to F-15s: US provides 70% of Israel's war costs
https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/hktyrfiekl

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment

Name russia belongs to Ukraine, in year 1000 arabs calles it RUSS named after river ROS near Kyiv, Black Sea was called Russ SEA. Belarus was also part of Kyvian-Rus and is on maps from 1500 as Russia alba

.Map of Poland and Hungary by Sebastian Munster, 1540. The map shows "Russia" for Ukraine, "Russia Alba" for Belarus, while the Moscow Princedom is called "Moscovia."

http://www.lithuanianmaps.com/images/1540_munster_polonia_et_ungaria_XV_nova_tabula_davidrumsey.jpg

https://web.archive.org/web/20190903140344/http://karty.by/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sebastian-Munster_1552_basel_Nouvelle-description-de-Poloigne-Hongri.jpg

in 1723 it still was on maps as moscovia https://web.archive.org/web/20191215093103/http://www.karty.by/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/moskovai.Herman-Moll-1723.jpg

https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/26680/7245.pdf?sequence=2 The Historiography of Normanist and Anti-Normanist theories on the origin of Rus' A review of modern historiography and major sources on Varangian controversy and other Scandinavian concepts of the origins of Rus'

https://web.archive.org/web/20220920160550/https://baitsar.blogspot.com/2021/09/blog-post_19.html RUS - ANCIENT UKRAINIAN LAND: HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL MAPS

more on this subject on https://www.reddit.com/r/russiawarinukraine/comments/37tryg/muscovy_the_name_of_the_grand_duchy_of_moscow/

and some maps/history on https://www.oldmapsonline.org/en/

so if Ukraine would go separate from russia, it would lose the real RUSSia, and become moscovia again, so russians would be -as its factual- not be russians but moscovites, thats the real reason they behave as moscovites pretending to be RUSSians and thats the reason for hate.


https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/04/13/ukraine-seeks-to-reclaim-history-by-reframing-russia-into-its-pre-18th-century-name-as-moscovia/

https://euromaidanpress.com/2014/05/14/how-moscow-hijacked-the-history-of-kyivan-rus/

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This wooden statue is 12,100 years old (7,500 more than the Pyramids) and revolutionizes all our beliefs about the spirituality of our ancestors
It is known that the further back in time we go, the scarcer the archaeological evidence. Many materials used by man, such as wood, leather, fabrics do not last very long and are swallowed up by the earth and are gone forever.
With some exceptions: the Shigir idol, is an example and a marvel. It is a figurative wooden statue with a series of mask-like faces that was carved thousands of years ago and preserved for millennia in the acidic and antimicrobial environment of the Shigir peat bog in the Urals in Russia. A recent study has highlighted that the statue appears to be even older than previously thought.
Composed of ten pieces, the idol was discovered in 1890 and at the time considered nothing more than a curiosity, it was an object similar to a totem of indefinite age. Its true value began to emerge last century, when radiocarbon dating revealed that the idol was at least 9,750 years old. Archaeologists were astonished. Not only by the artifact's spectacular preservation, but also by its style, so much so that some experts argued that something was wrong as it was too sophisticated to belong to such an ancient period. But in 2018, even more incredible news arrived. Radiocarbon dating of a better-preserved sample said the statue must be around 11,600 years old. Three members of the same team, archaeologists Thomas Terberger of the University of Göttingen in Germany, Mikhail Zhilin of the RAS Institute of Archaeology in Russia and Svetlana Savchenko of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum in Russia, have now reanalyzed other finds even more carefully and concluded that the wood used for the sculpture appears to be around 12,250 years old. Because the "Shigir Idol" was carved from a larch tree with 159 growth rings, that suggests the statue itself was carved about 12,100 years ago, about 500 years earlier than the 2018 analysis showed. That suggests the sculpture was carved at the end of the last ice age, at the beginning of the Holocene. (For comparison, Stonehenge was built just 5,000 years ago.)
"The idol was carved during an era of great climate change, when early forests were spreading through a warmer late glacial into postglacial Eurasia," Terberger told The New York Times.
While it's not possible to pinpoint the exact purpose or meaning of the Shigir Idol at this time, its very existence suggests an appreciation for art and craftsmanship that existed at the time. The people who created it appear to have appreciated symbolism that experts thought emerged much later. The people who made the Shigir idol clearly had the skills to shape and carve wood, and it's unlikely that this artifact was the only one of its kind. Researchers say the statue suggests that the hunter-gatherer people who populated the Urals during the Mesolithic period were very spiritual, and it's a safe bet that very few of their art survived the ravages of time. "We have to accept the idea that hunter-gatherers had complex rituals and were able to express very sophisticated ideas and art," Terberger told The Guardian in 2018. "The production of similar objects did not start with farmers, but with hunter-gatherers much earlier." There are many peat bogs scattered throughout the Urals, some of which have already yielded wooden artifacts dating back thousands of years, but most of them remain unexplored also because research is expensive and takes a long time.
Perhaps other secrets of very ancient times will remain hidden for a long time to come.

https://www.facebook.com/olamide32641/posts/pfbid06SJkGXfxvcaxfPmVwHYcBL15VqRHwHC2Fx42vYjikhP5xUyhzAV5tWVA2Zs2U71xl?__cft__
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigir_Idol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic


 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040618220306455
The Shigir idol in the context of early art in Eurasia  Terberger

https://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/features/the-awesome-shigir-idol-depicting-the-ancient-spirit-world-originally-stood-tall-beside-a-paleo-lake/ 404

https://web.archive.org/web/20190227202812/https://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/features/the-awesome-shigir-idol-depicting-the-ancient-spirit-world-originally-stood-tall-beside-a-paleo-lake/





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https://www.facebook.com/janne.martins.96/posts/pfbid034h5BZWByDaHn4V9eY8KpzHiV5KdLqgfBW1tPQB3qTc8TXtkuQEgYjnSGTyKr4kgql?__cft__
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Ancient Ukraine 🇺🇦 👇
The Cucuteni-Trypillian culture consisted of an ancient people that thrived from 5400 to 2700 BC, in Eastern Europe, particularly in modern day Ukraine. They inhabited the largest settlements in neolithic Europe, some housing up to 10,000 inhabitants, showcasing their advanced agricultural practices and intricate pottery. They also built the first known two-story houses in all Europe, which they would, for unknown reasons, burn every 60-80 years. Despite their significant achievements, the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture vanished mysteriously around 2700 BC, leaving behind a legacy that continues to captivate researchers and spark curiosity about their origins, social structures, and eventual demise.

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https://www.facebook.com/christopher.matheka/posts/pfbid034G4gLKzgTgXtn3yyBTSdLExeBv2F8r7yxKCoXeXYVUwC3x4UqbwNTvzTF6x3bXabl?__cft__
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On a planet called Earth, over 7 billion people were bustling about their daily lives. Each year, tens of millions were born, and tens of millions died, leaving traces of their existence in the air, water, soil, and even space. Yet, these signs would not last forever. In a few hundred years, our buildings would crumble, our stone monuments, plastic, Styrofoam, and even the evidence of our nuclear endeavors would fade away.
This realization led to an intriguing question: How could we be sure that we were the first advanced civilization on Earth? According to the Silurian Hypothesis, we couldn't. This hypothesis posed a fascinating premise that perhaps, long before humans, there might have been other advanced civilizations that left no trace for us to find.
The idea of the Silurian Hypothesis was inspired by an episode of Doctor Who, where intelligent reptilian creatures called Silurians awakened from 400 million years of hibernation due to nuclear testing. While this was a work of fiction, the hypothesis raised a profound possibility: What if there were once other advanced civilizations on Earth that have completely vanished?
Humans often think that their existence and their civilization are eternal, but history teaches us otherwise. Take ancient Egypt, for instance. For over 3,000 years and across 30 dynasties, Egyptians lived under the shadow of the pyramids, fished the Nile, and mingled with other cultures. To them, their civilization seemed everlasting, yet it too disappeared. Similar fates befell the Mesopotamians, the Indus Valley civilization, the Greeks, Nubians, Persians, Romans, Incas, and Aztecs. These great empires, once thriving with millions, left behind scant evidence of their grandeur.
Modern humans have been around for about 100,000 years, a mere blip in the hundreds of millions of years that complex life has existed on Earth. Given this vast expanse of time, it's conceivable that other intelligent species might have risen and fallen long before us. Would we even know they had been here?
Adam Frank and Gavin Schmidt explored this in their paper on the Silurian Hypothesis. They pointed out that our usual methods of studying ancient societies—through artifacts and ruins—only work for relatively recent history. When you want to look millions of years back, things get complicated. Earth's surface itself is dynamic, constantly reshaped by plate tectonics. Today's mountains were once ocean floors, and new lands form as old ones erode. The oldest surface land discovered, the Negev Desert, is only about 1.8 million years old.
Even fossils, our primary windows into ancient life, are rare. Specific conditions are needed for fossilization: hard body parts, rapid burial, high pressure, and low oxygen. Despite dinosaurs roaming the Earth for 180 million years, we have only a few thousand near-complete fossils. The odds of finding evidence of a short-lived species like Homo sapiens in the fossil record are slim.
Furthermore, less than one percent of Earth's surface is urbanized today. Artifacts like roads, cities, and machines would decay and disappear within a few thousand years. Even the aftermath of a nuclear war would eventually fade away. To detect ancient advanced civilizations, scientists must look for indirect evidence.
The Silurian Hypothesis suggests looking for markers of industrialization on a global scale. One key marker is changes in the isotopic composition of elements, which can be detected in sedimentary layers. For instance, human activities have altered the nitrogen cycle and increased the levels of certain metals like gold, lead, and platinum. Most notably, the burning of fossil fuels has changed the carbon isotope ratios in the atmosphere, known as the Suess effect, which is detectable in sediment cores.
Interestingly, a sudden global change in carbon and oxygen isotope levels was observed 56 million years ago during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The PETM saw Earth's temperature rise by six degrees Celsius over 200,000 years, with fossil carbon levels spiking. Some scientists speculate that a massive volcanic eruption caused this, but the exact cause remains unknown. Could it have been evidence of an ancient civilization? Probably not, but it does show how such an event could leave a detectable mark.
The Silurian Hypothesis, while not proving the existence of ancient civilizations, provides a framework for searching for them, not just on Earth but also on other planets. The Drake Equation estimates the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy, suggesting there could be anywhere from 150,000 to 1.5 billion. If intelligent life can arise multiple times on a single planet, as the Silurian Hypothesis proposes, it opens up exciting possibilities for finding civilizations throughout the galaxy.
Mars, once warmer and wetter, and Europa, one of Jupiter's moons with its saltwater ocean, are prime candidates for such investigations. While the authors of the Silurian Hypothesis don't believe ancient civilizations existed on Earth before humans, their ideas give us tools to explore and perhaps someday discover the rich tapestry of life that may have once existed, both on Earth and beyond.
Chris Matheka


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Long before the Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations left their marks on history, the enigmatic Nabta Playa culture flourished in the heart of the Nubian Desert, rising to prominence well before 6000 BC. This captivating society was not merely a bystander in the tapestry of time; they were architects of stone monuments and artificial ponds, breathing life into their arid surroundings. As if that weren't enough, they left behind stunning rock art in the depths of caves, illustrating vibrant scenes filled with human figures, a menagerie of animals, and hints of ceremonial gatherings.
Today, satellite imaging reveals the secrets of the landscape—once lush riverbeds now lay dry, whispering tales of a verdant past. What remains is a treasure trove of ancient artworks and relics that tantalize our imagination, offering a rare window into a time when this unforgiving desert thrived with life. Yet, the high costs of excavation cast a shadow over our efforts to unravel the mysteries of this extraordinary civilization, leaving a sense of intrigue and wonder just out of reach.
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The Tarim Basin: Cradle of Uyghur Culture and History
Uyghur Bookshelf Uyghur
The Tarim Basin, with its vast deserts, fertile oases, and historic trade routes, is deeply intertwined with the identity of the Uyghur people. As a historical Silk Road hub, it nurtured Uyghur culture, language, religion, and resilience, shaping a legacy of diversity and adaptation. This connection highlights the Uyghurs' enduring presence in one of Central Asia's most culturally rich and historically significant regions.
The Tarim Basin, located in the heart of Central Asia, is deeply intertwined with the Uyghur people's history, culture, and identity. This region, defined by its harsh deserts, fertile oases, and surrounding mountains, has been home to the Uyghurs and their ancestors for centuries. Below is an exploration of this connection:
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1. Geographical and Cultural Foundation
• Uyghur Homeland: The Tarim Basin is often considered the historical and cultural heartland of the Uyghur people. It encompasses significant cities like Kashgar, Khotan, and Turpan, vital centres of Uyghur civilisation.
• Oasis Settlements: Uyghurs historically thrived in the basin's oasis towns, utilising the rivers flowing from the surrounding mountains to cultivate crops, build communities, and establish trade networks.
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2. Historical Legacy
• Ancestors of the Uyghurs: The history of the Uyghurs in the Tarim Basin dates back to at least the 8th century CE when they established themselves as a prominent cultural and political force. Earlier inhabitants of the basin, such as the Tocharians and other Indo-European groups, left a legacy of cultural diversity that later influenced Uyghur society.
• Silk Road Hub: As a critical region of the Silk Road, the Tarim Basin facilitated cultural and economic exchanges between the Uyghurs and other civilisations, such as Persia, India, China, and the Islamic world. Uyghurs became known for their contributions to trade, such as the trade of silk and jade, art, and the development of unique Uyghur art forms, as well as science, particularly in astronomy.
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3. Linguistic and Religious Significance
• Language: The Uyghur language, part of the Turkic family, evolved and flourished in the Tarim Basin, influenced by its role as a Silk Road nexus. Ancient Uyghur scripts and texts have been uncovered in the region, providing insights into their historical development.
• Religion and Spirituality: Over time, the Uyghur people in the Tarim Basin adopted Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The transition to Islam in the 10th century profoundly shaped Uyghur identity, influencing their art, architecture, and daily life. For instance, the adoption of Islam led to the construction of mosques and the development of Islamic art forms, significantly influencing Uyghur culture.
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4. Cultural Resilience and Adaptation
• Adaptation to Harsh Environments: The Uyghur people adapted to the Tarim Basin's arid climate by creating advanced irrigation systems, such as the karez system, and developing a rich agricultural tradition. Oases like Kashgar became centres of Uyghur culture and learning, showcasing their resilience and ability to thrive in challenging conditions.
• Artistic Heritage: The Uyghur culture, shaped by the Tarim Basin's rich history, is known for its music, dance, and poetry, reflecting influences from the diverse civilisations that passed through the region.
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5. Modern Connection
• Cultural Identity: The Tarim Basin remains central to the Uyghurs' sense of cultural and historical identity. Its cities, landscapes, and historical sites are deeply ingrained in its heritage.
• Historical Continuity: The Uyghurs' connection to the Tarim Basin underscores their role as heirs to a long legacy of cultural and economic exchange in the region.
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Significance of the Uyghur-Tarim Basin Connection
The Tarim Basin represents more than just a geographical region—it is a historical and cultural cradle where the Uyghur people have developed and preserved their unique identity over centuries. It is a testament to resilience, adaptation, and the rich interplay of civilisations in one of the world's most historically significant regions.

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Distribution of Y-haplogroup R1a (originated in Southern Siberia 23000 years ago) and R1b (originated In Southern Siberia 22000-25000 years ago).
As we see by mom, it's typically European haplogroups: at least - the most common among the vast majority of European peoples
I will say right away that the haplogrupa does not = race, anthrological type, skin color, or rather nationality, so do not be surprised by the fact that there are common genes in the Chad-speaking peoples, Western Europeans and, for example, Udmurt - these genes have originated back in the times of the pra-nostratic linguistic community, that is, all Eurasian peoples), and, however, to the creation of a modern race.
By the way, the first photo reminded of the meme "točik so chut-chut arijec".

1. Scheme of Slavic archaeological cultures of the beginning-mid I thousand. b o n. е. , their kinship and their connections to the formation of Slavic nations.
According to the scheme, it becomes clear that the ancestors of the "Russian" and Belarusians stand somewhat separate from all other Slavic peoples, having ancestors from Kiev culture, while all others from Chernakhiv (leave from borrowing elements of Kiev) and Pshevor (partly in the case of Poles), and Ukrainians have more common cultural roots than with our northerns and northeastern neighbors, and with Czechs, Slovaks, Polab Slavs, Poles, Bulgarians, Macedonian Slavs and Serbian-Croats.
2. Map of the spread of these archaeological cultures.

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https://vk.com/wall-211100439_31861
https://minpressru.blogspot.com/2018/11/blog-post.html
The structure of ancient Slavic calendars differs from the accepted system of calculation.

The Slavs calculated time not in years, but in years. Hence the words "chronicle, chronicler, chronology". We ask - how many years have passed, how many years have passed, we talk about many yearsplants, and we wish each other many years.

The calendar is based on a hexadecimal basis: 16 hours in a day, 16 years make up a Circle of Years, 16 Halls in Svarog Circle. At the same time, the Slavs did not count centuries (a period of 100 years), but Circles of Life. One Circle of Life contained 144 years (16x9).

This is the period during which a person must fulfill his Fate, his life purpose, and those who did not have time, lived more than one circle. Today it sounds like science fiction, but Academician Pavlov himself claimed: "any death before 150 years is violent."

Such a chronology existed, at least, since the Paleolithic era.
Well, the modern metric system is decimal. And this is many steps back, in relation to the one that was common for the "wild" Slavs.

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https://vk.com/al_feed.php?w=wall-69222461_473857

Wise Slavic ancestors mostly had healthy and beautiful teeth. Among the "secrets": brushing teeth with chalk or clay powder, whitening with wood ash, treating toothache with a decoction of acacia seeds, washing down sweets with unsweetened drinks. Modern unhealthy habits, and, say, fluoridated toothpastes (if your body already has enough fluoride) can cause harm.
Many human diseases develop with unhealthy teeth, reducing their vital resources. Advertised hygienic and therapeutic-prophylactic pastes for protecting teeth from periodontosis, caries and other diseases do not give the desired result. Moreover, today pastes with fluoride are advertised everywhere, but this is a halogen, standing in the first row of the periodic table, and one of the most active. Getting into the oral cavity with paste, fluorine forms hydrofluoric, or fluoro-acid, which, by the way, dissolves glass. But glass, like the enamel of our teeth, consists of silicon materials that are corroded by this acid. Thus, fluorine destroys bone tissue of the tooth, for the same reason fillings fall out faster.
And I remembered a grandfather I knew. All his life he brushed his teeth with ordinary table salt, crushed in a metal mortar and sifted through a fine sieve, sometimes adding fine wood ash from the stove. At that time, especially in the village, there were no toothbrushes. Grandfather dipped a clean finger in fine salt and brushed his teeth and gums (in modern terms - did a massage). His teeth were excellent whiteness and beauty, and they never hurt. And he was in excellent health: he passed away at the age of about 100, while until the end of his days he was engaged in farming.
Having thought about what seemed to be my grandfather's whim, I realized how to take care of my teeth. True, I made an adjustment for modern times. Now I brush my teeth with a toothbrush, dipping it in fine and necessarily sea salt, brush for 1-2 minutes, rinse my mouth, that's all the care. The unpleasant smell from my mouth disappeared, my teeth became white, both my gums and teeth became stronger, I don't feel any painful symptoms. Once I decided to brush my teeth with regular toothpaste, and they started to ache. I realized that I should brush them only with sea salt.
In addition to the cleaning effect of teeth and the oral cavity, sea salt (if it is natural, evaporated from sea water), enriches saliva with microelements that enter the human body through the mucous membrane. In addition, sea salt also has bactericidal properties. The healing effect of sea water has been repeatedly proven by scientists.
Alexander DANOV
By the way
l Modern dentistry does not exclude the use of sea salt, especially for rinsing the mouth, since the usefulness of sea salt for teeth and mucous membranes has been proven. You can sprinkle (dust) toothpaste even with ordinary table salt. You can brush your teeth directly with sea salt and to remove stubborn deposits on your teeth. In any case, it is recommended to mix it with vegetable oil, preferably olive oil, in a 1:1 ratio. You can add wood ash to the mixture for better whitening. But you should not overuse it.
l Blue clay cleans teeth well.
l A mixture of a pinch of ground pepper and a quarter teaspoon of regular salt is the best tooth powder. Its daily use will prevent tooth decay, eliminate bad breath, bleeding gums, pain in the gums and teeth. The remedy treats increased tooth sensitivity.
Another opinion.
When I was driving to my land, I wanted to chew some grass. Well, I picked some young wheat grass, walked and chewed it - sweet, salty and the taste of fresh milk, as I remember it from childhood.
After about ten minutes of chewing, the grass turned into small, soaked cellulose fibers. But each such fiber cleans teeth well, like a brush! Moreover, the juice of the grass has an alkaline reaction!
After a number of tests, I found out that almost all cereal grasses have this property of cleaning teeth well: wheat, rye, oats, wheat grass, ryegrass, bluegrass, timothy grass, fescue, etc.
Moreover, to give it the necessary medicinal properties and smell, it is enough to add to the cereals a leaf of yarrow, mint, St. John's wort, oregano, thyme... or a sprig of rowan, willow, bird cherry, irgi... Any plant of your choice and health! Experiment!
I tried it with wormwood, but that's for absinthe lovers.
Now it is clear why this Colgate and Blendamed industry has become in demand - grass does not grow on asphalt in cities!
And in our native land it is always at hand, and it is not difficult to dry it for the winter!
Let's revive the Russian tradition of thoughtfully chewing a blade of grass!
#slavic_world

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🌲SPRUCE IN SLAVIC MYTHOLOGY.
🌲Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree of the pine family with a conical crown and long scaly cones. Spruces have seen a lot and remember a lot, they can live more than 5-6 centuries. They reach a height of more than 90 meters, and the trunk diameter is 1.5-2 meters. But in ancient times, they could reach colossal sizes.
💫In Slavic mythology, people were supposed to have fun, sing and dance around the Christmas tree. In this way, they tried to wake up the spring goddess Vesta, who replaced Morena.
At the same time, in the mythology of a number of peoples, the spruce was attributed with death symbolism. In all countries where the spruce grows, funeral rites were associated with it. To this day, the path for the deceased is covered with spruce branches.
Spruce is a tree that directly relates to God Veles, as the master of the World of the Dead. Spruce was called the Tree of Ancestors or Grandfather's Tree, Veles' Tree. The souls of ancestors who fly into the world of the living sit on the branches of the spruce to rest. Children of the spirits of the forest hang in cradles on the branches of this tree.
Crystal Agni — Path of the Elves of Light
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SLAVIC MYTHOLOGY: ENCYCLOPEDIC DICTIONARY
ANTHROPOGONICAL MYTHS
ANTHROPOGONICAL MYTHS — myths about the origin (creation) of man. In the Slavic tradition they developed under the influence of biblical legends, primarily the apocrypha, about the first man Adam. The creation of man is the final act of the creation of the world. The Russian Primary Chronicle — "The Tale of Bygone Years" (early 12th century) — contains a myth about the creation of man, attributed to pagan sorcerers, but apparently dating back to the dualistic teaching of the Bogomils: God washed himself in a bathhouse, sweated, wiped himself with a rag and threw it on the ground; from the rag the devil created the body of man, and God put a soul into him (cf. the Slovenian legend about a man who emerged from a drop of God's sweat).
An apocryphal story, widespread in the Bulgarian and Old Russian literary tradition, is the creation of Adam by God from eight parts - the elements of the universe: the body is taken from the earth, bones - from stones, blood - from the sea, eyes - from the sun, thoughts - from the cloud, "from the light - light", from the wind - breath, from fire - heat. When the Lord left Adam alone lying on the ground to take his "eyes from the sun", Satan smeared Adam with filth. Having removed this dirt and mixed it with Adam's tears, God created a dog to guard the man, and he himself went to get "breath" for Adam. Satan appeared to the man again and, although the dog did not let him close, he still pierced Adam's body with a stick (spat on him, etc.), letting 70 ailments into him. God again cast out Satan and cleansed the man (turned him inside out - hence the internal diseases). He sent an angel to take (the letter) "az" from the east, "good" from the west, "myslete" from the north and south - from the letters the name "Adam" was created.
In the folklore of Russian Old Believers, the story of Adam's creation "from nature" received a characteristic motivation: "the body (of Adam) from the earth: after death he went into the earth; blood from sea water: all his life he walked like a sea wave; eyes from the sun: as the sun shines, so do human eyes look during the day and sleep at night." Only strength did God create "from nothing" - so that man could live by his own labors. In the Russian spiritual verse about the Dove Book, all classes arise from parts of the body of Adam - the first man: from the head - kings, from the "relics" - princes and boyars, from the "knee" - peasants, from Adam's head grows the world tree - the "cypress tree", etc.
Along with the legends where A. m. is connected with cosmogonic ones, there are widespread legends about the creation of man from clay, based on the biblical motif of the creation of Adam "from the dust of the earth". In the Bulgarian tradition, God made people like a potter makes pots; after dinner, the Creator saw that the work was progressing slowly, and in a hurry began to mold people, who turned out lame, sick, proud and stubborn, etc. The motif of divine saliva used to mix the clay is characteristic: from this saliva comes male strength (semen); on the contrary, the spit of Satan, who wanted to revive the molded body of man, brings damage to it - diseases (Ukrainian, Russian). In the Ukrainian legend, the Creator used the handful of clay left over to him to attach a penis to man - this is how the sinful body was created, otherwise man would have remained in paradise.
In dualistic versions of A. m. God molds a man from clay, Satan tries to imitate the Creator, but he ends up with a goat or a dog (wolf) (Ukrainian). In a number of legends, dough can be used along with clay: first God molded a man from dough, but the dog ate the creation; God molded the lord (Eve) from wheat dough, and a peasant (farmer) from clay, but the dog eats the bread man (Ukrainian).
In some apocrypha (the Bulgarian and Old Russian "Legend of the Cross Tree") Adam is depicted as a giant: Solomon finds himself in a "bone cave", which turns out to be Adam's skull, 300 men could fit in it. The motif of the first giants is related to the Ukrainian legend about the ancestors, who were so strong that when they stepped on a stone, they left a trace on it (cf. the so-called footprint stones - petroglyphs in the form of a human foot); after the Fall, on the contrary, the stones were pressed into the feet - hence the depression in the foot of people.
Before the fall, the first people had horny (like nails) skin: Adam begged the Lord to leave his descendants a part of the "eternal" skin on their fingers as a reminder of heavenly immortality (Russian; in the Bulgarian version, Adam and Eve were originally covered in hair).
The motif of the creation of the first woman, Eve, in some legends continues the biblical myth: the rib for creation was taken "from the very heart" of Adam, so that the wife would love her husband (Russian); a dog tears out a rib from the first man, and God creates Eve from it, etc. In other versions, Adam was created with a tail and God, in order to separate man from animals, cut off his tail and created a woman from it; initially, man and woman were united, but Satan tore off the woman, so that Adam was left with a penis, and Eve with a vagina, since then men and women strive for reunification and from this children are born (Belarusian).
Another etiological motive of A. m. is the origin of the Adam's apple, the "Adam's apple", from the forbidden fruit: from the eaten apple, Eve develops a lust for Satan, Adam - for Eve; from intercourse with Satan, Cain is born, with Adam - Abel. According to another version, Satan gives birth to a descendant with 12 (7) heads, only one of which is human, the rest are animal: Satan promises Adam to eat the extra heads if he "bequeaths" to him all his earthly descendants. From Cain comes the sinful descendants, to whom Satan showed how to build the Tower of Babel: God confused the languages ��of the builders, and they, having forgotten God, began to worship idols (Russian).
According to a Western Ukrainian legend, after the fall of the first people, God cursed Eve, ordering her to give birth in pain, and after death, to lay eggs: every day the foremother had to lay as many eggs as people die on earth. God cuts those eggs in half and throws them on the ground: boys will be born from one half, girls from the other; when they grow up, they are married. If half of the egg falls into the sea (is eaten by an animal, etc.), then the person will remain on earth without a pair.
Lit.: Veselovsky A.N. Research in the Field of Russian Spiritual Poetry. Issue 5 // SBORYAS. SPb., 1890. Vol. 46. No. 6; Bulashev G.O. The Ukrainian People in Their Legends and Religious Views and Beliefs. Kyiv, 1909. Issue 1; Tolstaya S.M. On Several Old Testament Motifs in the Slavic Folk Tradition // From Genesis to Exodus. Moscow, 1998. Pp. 21–37 (lit. there); Kabakova G.I. Adam and Eve in the Legends of the Eastern Slavs // Living Antiquity. 1999. No. 2. P. 2.
V.Ya. Petrukhin
Illustration: Creation of Eve, Adam ploughing the land - miniature from the Collection of Pop Puncho, Bulgaria, 1796.

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THEY SAY THAT FOREIGN GODS DO NOT HELP THOSE WHO ARE NOT THEIR OWN.
According to the principle of action, the following groups of gods can be distinguished:
1. Gods of Rod, patrons of people: Rod, Rozhanitsa, Svarog, Makosh, Chur, Ded, Rodich, Baba, Diva, Lada, Lad, Lelya, Lel, Polel, Yarilo, Yara, Tur, Turitsa, Perun, Perunitsa, Zhiva, Dazhbog, Obereg, Spasich, Volkh, Ratich, Yaga, Dodola, Krot, Kupala, Zarya-Utrennitsa.
2. Creators, legislators: Rod, Rozhanitsa, Svarog, Makosh-Diva, Lada, Pravda, Rodomysl, Sud, Chur, Perun, Svetovid, Stribog, Khors.
3. Gods of love and marriage: Lada, Lad, Lelya, Lel, Polel, Uslad, Kupala, Dido, Znich, Milich, Rodich.
4. Gods of fate: Makosh, Dolya, Nedolya, Srecha, Nesrecha, Sudenitsa, Judgment, Rock, Crooked, Hard, Luck.
5. Gods of time: Dana, God, Khors, Kolyada, Sithivorat, Krot, Rock.
6. Gods of the sun, light, life-giving Force: Belbog, Svetovid, Svarog, Dazhbog, Khors, Yarilo, Zhiva, Zarebog, Zarya, Kolyada.
7. Gods of matter, wealth, prosperity: Veles, Makosh, Dazhbog, Yarilo, Lada, Yaga, Lelya, Zhiva, Obilukha.
8. Gods of space: Stribog, Yaga, Svarog, Troyan.
9. Gods of fertility and harvest: Zhiva, Makosh, Svetovid, Dazhbog, Perun, Yarilo, Perun, Lada, Lelya, Sitivrat, Obilukha, Yadrey, Ovsen, Zhitnich, Pereplut, Zernich.
10. Gods of magic, wisdom, knowledge: Veles, Makosh, Myslich, Znanich.
11. Patrons of arts and crafts: Veles, Makosh, Svarog, Bayan, Perun, Ratich, Khmel, Kvasura, Mokusha, Pereplut.
12. Healers: Zhiva, Svetovid, Dazhbog, Yarilo, Khors.
13. Gods of the elements:
- water: Dana, Kupala, Perun, Yasher;
- fire: Svarog, Perun, Simargl, Ognebog, Kupala;
- earth: Makosh, Diva, mother Sva, Lada, Pereplut, Zemlebog, Gorynya, Svyatobor, Svyatogor;
- air: Stribog, Svarog, Pogoda, Podaga, Provey, Posvist, Fear.
14. Gods of natural phenomena: Perun, Viy, Moroz, Karachun, Mara, Fear, Moon, Luna, Studich, Ledich, Lyutich, Snezhich, Gromich, Listopadich, Dozhdich.
15. Cattle gods – patrons of animals: Veles, Makosh, Yarilo, Tur, Zhiva, Svyatobor, Khors, Zverich, Ptichich, Rybich.
16. Gods-intermediaries and guides: Veles, Simargl, Shchur.
17. Navi (hellish, underground) gods: Mara, Chernobog, Veles, Vila, Volkhov, Yascher, Mor, Mora, Viy, Koschei, Dyy, Krivda, Likho, Lyut, Obid, Msta, Karna, Ugomon, Son, Drema, Laziness, Pripekalo, Pererug, Pek-Pekol, Zlebog, Khudich, Bedai, Zlodiy, Krivaya, Nelegaya.
Who are the Slavs? There are scientific definitions, there are pseudo-scientific definitions, and there are non-scientific definitions of the Slavs. We use the definition that we derived from the history of the Slavs and the foundations of the Slavic Teaching.
The Slavs are a union of peoples who speak a clear language and live according to the laws of conscience.
The concept of "clear-speaking" includes the intelligibility of the speech of one Slavic people to all others, this intelligibility is built on the root basis of native speech, any Slavic speech. All Slavic languages ��have one root - the Proto-Slavic language. And almost all the main concepts, actions and processes in the Slavic languages ��have names with the same root, because these roots were formed back in the times of the Slavic community, in the times of the Proto-Slavic language (1st millennium BC).
Live by Conscience:
· Observe the laws of Justice.
· Establish Justice on Earth.
LAWS OF JUSTICE:
· Don't be a ghoul.
· Don't feed the ghoul.
A ghoul is a devourer, a consumer, a non-returning absorber, a "black hole". This is where the faith, mentality, and teaching of the Slavs fundamentally differ from the teachings of other peoples. Not only do not be a ghoul yourself, but also do not feed, do not breed, do not multiply such a phenomenon on Earth.
The Slavic concept of "ghoul" is something that takes away strength irrevocably. "It" was not named and was a list of diseases and misfortunes: fever, hunger, love spell, fever, evil spirits, devils, demons - these were the names of how this energy is taken away. This phenomenon was not given a proper name. Thieves, robbers - this is a common noun, these words are not written with a capital letter. So is "ghoul" - with a small letter. It has no name. It is just a common name. And this word denotes a process in which there is a loss of strength, energy, and not some entity.
Definition of Justice
· A person has the right to do whatever he wants, but not at someone else's expense.
· Naturalness. Life according to the laws of Nature.
You, Russian Gods! Forgive us for
giving in to flattering persuasion.
They began to build a temple to a foreign God,
And our people became weak and fearful.
The thread that connected us
With the glory of our ancestors, unyielding in spirit, was broken.
And now a difficult hour has come to Russia,
And a foreign God did not think to protect us.
Having become slaves on our own Land,
We have paid tribute for long centuries,
However, having found strength in ourselves again,
We have turned their face away from God.
You, Russian Gods! I believe in you sacredly.
You will return to us and give us strength.
The dawn will once again blush over Russia,
And Russia will show the strength of the spirit to the world

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The Pamirs are the most mysterious and one of the most discriminated peoples on Earth.
The Pamirs are one of the famous highlands of the globe with absolute heights from 2800 to 7495 meters above sea level, known throughout the world as the "Roof of the World".
Pamir is a harsh mountainous region – the birthplace of an ancient people, about whom almost nothing is known. Due to their isolation, they managed to preserve their ancient languages, interesting customs and traditions. All the empires that appeared in Asia tried to conquer Pamir: Sassanids, Turks, Chinese, Arabs, Mongols, Timurids... No one managed to conquer Pamir: the mountaineers desperately resisted, their success was facilitated by their knowledge of the area... Among the Pamir people themselves, there is an opinion that they are descendants of Alexander the Great. Although the army of Tsar Alexander the Great fought and created an empire on the plain. Many researchers consider the Pamir people to be descendants of the ancient tribes of the Scythians and Saks...
Today the total number of Pamirs is about 300 thousand people.
In appearance, these people are more similar to Europeans than to Asians. Most often, they have gray, green or blue eyes and light brown hair.
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✅VOYS OF THE MINISTERS OF THE FAITH
For the Magi, priests and Kapeni - priests, who devote themselves to asceticism, those Great Worlds are intended. Sinless asceticism is considered as a renunciation of sla (i.e. renunciation of ignorance and ignorance). Such renunciation can be successful or unsuccessful. Through asceticism, the experts of the Ancient Vedas subsequently achieved immortality (i.e. eternity).
"Asceticism is performed by human children in the World of Yav, and the fruits of all deeds are tasted in the World of Nav (here the World of Nav goes in full: both light and dark - the fruits of dark deeds of those who create, they are in the dark Nav, and the fruits of good deeds are tasted in Slavi, i.e. in the light Nav)."
But there is also sinful asceticism (i.e. when there are violations, etc.) of those people who are possessed by unrighteous anger and the other 16 vices (See, the Slavic circular system again? It was reported on the Internet that some of the Indian scriptures also talk about this, but there it is either about 9 or 12 vices. And here it is about 16 vices).
And also those who violate the commandments of the Gods and Ancestors, especially the blood commandments (this is omitted there), he is inhabited by 13 harmfulnesses and is sinful. And whoever has a pure Soul and a Light Spirit and lives according to the commandments of his Forefathers, he is sinless. "
That is, whoever observes the Tribal laws is sinless. And then there is a list, notice:
1. Unrighteous anger (there is righteous anger, and there is unrighteous anger, it is a sin, feel the difference);
2. Lust (constant WANTING of something);
3. Greed;
4.
Delusion; 5. Desire;
6. Cruelty;
7. Timidity;
8. Vanity;
9. Despondency;
10. Attraction;
11. Envy;
12. Aversion;
13. Debauchery;
14. Desire for someone else's;
15. Oppression;
16. Anger.
- These are the vices of human children, and people should avoid these 16" (i.e. the Hindus reduced it by 4 for themselves).
"Each of them (i.e. these vices) lies in wait for people, wanting to take possession of their insides (the insides are the inner World) like a hunter lies in wait for his game (again there is a figurative poetic comparison). Boastful, lustful, arrogant, vindictive, unstable, refusing to protect - these 6 sins are inherent, committed by lawless people, despite their great danger (i.e. it is dangerous, but people do it). The pursuit of pleasures, hostility, bragging about one's generosity, stinginess, oppression of other people, lies, weakness (weak will), glorification of one's feelings, hatred of Lada-spouse (i.e. wife), these are the 9 worst enemies of man."
They say that there is no bad wife, there is an inattentive husband.
"Observance of the commandments - the laws of God - the One Creator (i.e. the Family), the laws of your Family, truthfulness, restraint, asceticism, self-denial, modesty, patience, steadfastness, absence of envy, offering bloodless sacrifices, continuation of the Family, mercy, attentiveness, study of sacred scriptures and the Ancient Vedas, these are the 16 vows of the servants of the Faith."
A vow is when not someone, but the person himself has determined for himself the paths that he must follow.
"Whoever strengthens these 16 vows will distinguish himself throughout the Earth (they say about such people, a saint, he observes). But whoever observes 3, 2, or even 1 of them is considered self-affirmed." (That is, if at least one of the 16 vows is fulfilled, a person has asserted himself. That is, he has proven to himself that he is not an empty space on Earth).
In renouncing the vices of the Real World and being unerring lies immortality (i.e. eternity). Wise servants of the Faith call them the gates of Truth.
There are 18 qualities in self-development (note, again the numeral form is Slavic, or as we say, Kh`ariyskaya. Sometimes there are 16, sometimes there are 9 weeks, sometimes there are 2-week fasts 18, i.e. twenty-nine forms) out of twenty-nine qualities:
1. Restraint in action;
2. Restraint in inaction;
3. Restraint in purposefulness;
4. Curbing injustice;
5. Condemnation of self-love;
6. Condemnation of unchanging desire;
7. Condemnation of unrighteous anger;
8. Condemnation of despondency;
9. Condemnation of greed;
10.
Condemnation of gossip; 11. Condemnation of envy;
12. Condemnation
of greed; 13. Condemnation of ill will;
14. Condemnation of general irritation;
15. Condemnation of anxiety;
16. Condemnation of forgetfulness;
17. Condemnation of verbosity;
18. Condemnation of arrogance.
That is, restraint in everything, and not like this: "...Aaa, after me the flood," - no. And what does restraint already indicate? About thoughtfulness. That is, a person thinks about his every action). Thus, a person who has achieved self-development becomes sober (here not in the sense of not drinking, but a sober mind is pure and firm.
It has 8 qualities:
1. Truthfulness;
2. Ability to reflect;
3. Ability to introspect;
4. Ability to research;
5. Dispassion;
6. Honesty;
7. Chastity;
8. Composure.
They are written above each wing of the swastika (Fig. 1).
And they all unite, that is why Perun says: "Be truthful in Soul and Spirit, the Worlds are held together by Truth." (That is, notice, the Worlds are held together by Truth, which means where is Truth? There. Above. Not on Earth. Many say: "...truth is born in a dispute." Nothing of the sort. A compromise between two disputants is born in a dispute. And truth belongs to Heaven as it did before. Because the Worlds are held together by Truth. But Worlds are concepts - Universes are held together by Truth, and Communities are held together by Truth, everything is held together by Truth).
Their gates are Truth. For it is said that Immortality (i.e. Eternity) rests in Truth. Having turned away from sins, one must fulfill vows and commandments
(i.e. a person must observe the commandments and vows, i.e. what he has planned for himself, for example, a person drank, but made a vow to himself: "... I quit drinking," and he does not get coded, but simply quits drinking).
Such behavior, created by the One God, through the Truth leads to Immortality (i.e. to Eternity). Therefore, we constantly say, do not limit yourself, but live forever. Be immortal. So that death does not touch you at all. And demons are mortal, they die.
GLORY TO OUR GODS AND FOREMEN!

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SLAVIC MYTHOLOGY: ENCYCLOPEDIC DICTIONARY
BIRCH
BIRCH is one of the most revered trees among the Slavs, which is considered either a "lucky" tree, protecting from evil, or harmful, as a dwelling place for female characters of evil spirits or souls of the dead. Among the Poles of Warmia and Masuria, B. was considered a receptacle of spirits, which is why lightning often strikes it. In other places of the same zone, it was perceived as a tree that brings health and well-being. In Polesia, B. was not planted near the house, so that the owners would not fall ill and so that the whole family would not die out. According to Ukrainian Carpathian beliefs, if a married man plants B. in the yard of his house, then one of the household members will certainly die. In the Russian North, a place where B. once grew was considered unlucky: they did not dare to build a new house there. Along with this, in a number of places B. was planted near the house for the well-being of the family or on the occasion of the birth of a child. In the Lublin Voivodeship (Poland), the birch was considered a tree that brought good luck. Among the Russians, a birch branch placed in the corner of a house under construction was a guarantee of the health of the owner and family. Birch branches were stuck into the field for a harvest of grain and flax; a birch log was buried under the threshold of a new stable so that horses would be successfully "led".
B. is also assessed in contradictory ways in folk legends: sometimes as a blessed tree that sheltered the Virgin Mary and Christ from bad weather (Polish) or Saint Friday from the devil's persecution (Russian), sometimes as a tree cursed by God, with whose branches Christ was allegedly whipped (Serbian).
The female symbolism of B. is manifested in rituals for treating childhood illnesses: to cure ailments, girls were taken to B., and boys to an oak tree (Polesie). In East Slavic matchmaking sentences, B. and oak were symbols of the bride and groom. In order to have more boys than girls in marriage, the young woman, when leaving the church, had to look towards the forest and say: "All the forest is oak, only one birch" (Hutsuls of Transcarpathia). Belarusians believed that growths on birch trunks were formed from curses pronounced by women ("from women's curses"). In some villages of Polesie, during a woman's funeral, her coffin was covered with birch branches, and the coffin of a man - with poplar branches.
In the demonological beliefs of the Eastern Slavs, the birch was considered a tree where mermaids lived (sat, swayed) (cf., for example, the motives of Belarusian mermaid songs: "mermaids sat on a white birch", "mermaids sat on a crooked birch"). The Poles called "weeping" birches growing alone in the field "spirit trees": the souls of dead girls supposedly entered them, and at night they came out of the birch and "danced" random passers-by to death. The soul of someone who died a violent death rests under such a birch, and instead of sap, human blood flows in it. The Russians of the Kostroma region said of a dying person that he "gathers in the birches". In many ballads, legends, and fairy tales, a dead girl turns into a birch. Motives associated with a birch are often found in demonological beliefs: a witch flies on a birch stick; milks from a birch branch; the possessed are "thrown onto a birch tree" during an attack of obsession; horses given to a person by the devil at night turn into crooked birches in the morning.
The birch tree in the role of a ritual tree was an obligatory element of Trinity rites (mainly among the Eastern Slavs): yards and gates, streets, windows and doors of houses, chapels and churches were decorated with cut birches. On the Thursday before Trinity, the Russians performed the ritual of "curling the birch tree": girls went to the forest, chose a young birch tree there and, while singing ritual songs, twisted the branches of the tree into rings, tying them with their ribbons, belts or threads; next to the "curled" birch tree, they danced in circles, became godmothers, told fortunes about future marriages, and arranged a joint feast. On Trinity Day, they went to this tree again to "develop," "dissolve," "liberate" B. Along with this, rituals were performed with the cut down "Trinity birch": the tree was decorated with ribbons, beads, flowers, they walked with it around the village, and then took it outside of it and burned or drowned it there.
B. branches, especially those used in the rituals of Semik, Trinity, St. George's Day, Ivan Kupala, etc., were valued in folk magic as a reliable talisman. All Slavs believed that birch branches tucked under the roof or left in the attic could protect the house from lightning and storms; stuck in the middle of crops in the field, they protected the harvest from rodents and birds, from hail. With the help of birch branches, brooms and wreaths, they tried to protect themselves from evil spirits, diseases, and natural disasters. On the eve of Ivan Kupala, birch branches were stuck in the barn door to block the witch's path; birch wreaths were put on the horns of cows to protect against damage. In many places, it was believed that if a sick person was beaten with a birch twig, the disease would recede.
In folk medicine, people went to B. to symbolically transfer the disease to the tree. For example, a person suffering from malaria went to the forest, shook a young birch tree, saying: "Shake me, as I shook you, and then stop" (Polish). Russian peasants turned to B. with a request for healing and at the same time twisted birch branches over the sick person, threatening the tree that they would not let go until the disease subsided.
Lit.: Myths of the Peoples of the World. Moscow, 1980. Vol. 1. P. 169; Vinogradova L.N., Usacheva V.V. From the dictionary "Slavic Antiquities": Birch // Slavic Studies. Moscow, 1993. No. 6. P. 9–21; Sokolova V.K. Spring-summer calendar rites of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians. Moscow, 1979. P. 188–212.

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500 years ago, on January 26, 1525, the first printed map of Rus' appeared.
It was compiled by the Venetian Battista Agnese based on the stories of the Russian diplomat Dmitry Gerasimov. The map shows the borders of the Moscow state that existed under the Grand Duke Vasily III, the son of Ivan III and the father of Ivan IV the Terrible. In the upper left corner of the map is a plan of Moscow.



https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Plan_Nienshanz_i_Neva_1698.jpg
http://rus-imperia.ru/img_big/1698_plan_SPb.jpg  highres
The Swedish map of the 17th century shows the area where St. Petersburg will stand. But even before Peter, there were not bare swamps here - on the banks of the Neva (Nuen) are marked "Stones - foundations - ruins of stone houses".
Where the Okhta flows into the Neva, there is already a city that Peter called Nyenschantz, but the Swedes signed it differently: "Horer: staden: til" - "The outskirts of the city of Til". That is, before the foundation of St. Petersburg, there was a full-fledged ancient city here and the remains of fortresses and foundations have been preserved. At the mouth of the Okhta, the Stassky Cathedral is marked on the map - the Alexander Nevsky Lavra is also located in this place. It couldn't have appeared on the map 60 years before the foundation of St. Petersburg, could it?
So the myths about the city before Petersburg have found their confirmation, with specific names and a map of the area. But no, the officials - the city was founded from scratch in the middle of bare swamps.
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 https://www.kyivpost.com/post/45681
 Push to Decriminalize Pornography in Ukraine Sparks Controversy
 
 Porn Is Illegal in Ukraine But That Might Be About to Change
Supporters of decriminalization say the current law is so vague that a person could technically spend years in prison either for sending or receiving a naked photo.
https://www.kyivpost.com/post/20650
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Drink where the horse drinks. The horse will never drink plosive water. Make your bed where the cat lies down. Eat the fruit that the worm has touched. Boldly pick mushrooms on which the midges sit. Plant a tree where the mole digs the earth. Build a house where the snake basks. Dig a well where the birds nest in the heat. Lie down and sleep with the chickens - you will have the golden grain of the day. Eat more green - you will have strong legs and a hardy heart, like an animal. Swim more often - you will feel on the ground like a fish in water. Look at the sky more often, and not under your feet - and your thoughts will be clear and light. Be silent more than you speak - and silence will settle in your soul, and your spirit will be peaceful and calm.
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🦉Map of Urbano Monte 1587. The inscription in North America, freely translated from Italian, reads: Summer training camp of the Tartars.
A wonderful map, which has significantly spoiled the border of history for officials. It is believed that the first to reach Alaska were the participants of the expedition of S. Dezhnev in 1648, and here the Tartars set up camps on neighboring lands almost a hundred years before the discovery! Moreover, the name itself is not "ours", not "yours" - for the Western world, the northern lands of North America were discovered by the Russians, and the Russians stubbornly deny that any "Tatars" ever existed, either as a people or as a state.
https://vk.com/wall-56176006_312995

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For the first time Ukraine is mentioned in the Ipatyev chronicle. Take note, don't
Malorussia, not any other way, namely Ukraine.
The annual vault
includes several components - the Lavrenty chronicle, Novel
temporary years, Chernihiv, Kiev, Galician-Volyn chronographies in
of which events from 860 to 1292 are described.
The sources of chronology are very
The princely chronological records, princely certificates, reports are diverse.
ambassadors, military novels, eyewitness stories, Greek chronicles and more.
For the first time Ukraine is mentioned in the chronological novel about Igor's campaign.
Svyatoslavovich on Polovtsev in 1185.
Kyivskaya in many sources
Russia identifies with Ukraine.
In some edits for example in
Ermolaevsky List (1189-1213 y. г. ) Ukraine is called Kraina, in
Kiev chronicle - Ukrainian Galichskaya...
The name is also "Ukraine"
is mentioned in connection with the death of Prince Vladimir Glebovich,
later - while describing events during the reign of the Prince of Galicia and Volyn
Danila Romanovich.
Something like that...
Nobody knew Moscow and Russia at that time...
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Higher Educational Institutions: The Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in 1724. , Moscow University in 1755. In Ukraine
Ostrog Academy was founded in 1576, Lviv University was founded in 1661
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The printed alphabet in Ukraine was published in 1574 in Lviv, in the Moscow Kingdom it happened 60 years later - in 1634.
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Religion: The metropolis of Kiev was founded in 988, and the Moscow metropolis only in 1458. The Kiev metropolis is 460 years older than Moscow.
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Capital: Kyiv was founded in 482, Moscow was founded in 1147 by Vladimir Monomakh's son Yuri Dolgoruk.
So, Kyiv is 665 years older than Moscow.
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The first monarch in a classical sense was crowned in the Moscow Kingdom Ivan the Terrible 1547 in our lands Daniel Romanovich Galitsky - 1253.
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Mongolian Yoke: Kyiv lost the Mongolian yoke in 1363 after the Battle of the Blue Waters; Moscow lost the yoke in 1480 after standing on Ugra, and Moscow paid tribute to the Crimean Khan up to
1700 including the beginning of the reign of Peter 1.
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Title: For the first time, the term "Ukraine" in the chronicles is found under 1187.
For the first time the term "Russia" is found only during the reign of Ivan the Terrible 400 years later.
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The author of one of the world's first constitutions is Pylip Orlyk.
April 5, 1710, he was elected a hetman. On the same day, he declared the "Constitution of the rights and freedoms of the Zaporozhye Army".
The United States Constitution was adopted in 1787. Only in France and Poland in 1791
Historical facts that you need to know.
1. Tsar Peter I renamed the state called Muscovy to Russia in the 18th century, in 1721!!!
2. The Moksha tribe named their river Moscow, and the translation of this name, from Moksha language, sounds like "dirty water" !!! No other languages of the world can't translate the word Moscow!!! The word "Kremlin" is Tatar and means reinforcements on the high-rise!!!
.. In the Middle Ages, all European cartographers wrote and drew the European border along the borders of Russia (Russia is the territory of present Ukraine) !!! Muscovy - Ulus, with its Finnish peoples, has always been a part of the Horde, and its Europe treated Asia fairly!!!
4. Muscovy (Russia) paid tribute to the Crimean Khan, its SOVEREIGN and HOST, who was the rightful successor to the Golden Horde, up until 1700 !!! The King of Muscovy met the Crimean ambassador on the Poklonnaya Hill, put him on his horse, on foot himself, under the bridle, led the horse with the Crimean ambassador to the Kremlin, put him onto his throne and kneeled before him !!!
5. In 1610, the Genghizid dynasty (a relative of Genghis Khan) ended in Moscow on Boris Godunov (murza Gudun), and Alexei Koshka of the Finnish Mare family was brought to the throne, and when he married him to the Kingdom, the church gave him the surname Romanov, who allegedly came from Rome to rule Moscow!!!
6. Catherine II, after the occupation of the last free Russian State - the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (territory of Belarus) in 1795. , by my order I ordered to name the threatened-Finnish tribes of Muscovy some Great Russians, and Ukrainians - true Russians - Little Russians !!!
7. No one has ever seen the agreement on reunification between Moscow and Ukraine, allegedly signed by B. Khmelnitsky and Tsar A. Romanov!!!
8. For several centuries archeologist Muscovites have been looking for artifacts to confirm the authenticity of the Kulikov battle, but so far no success, here is only a fable about the victory of D. They still sing Donsky over Mamay, loud and clear!! 9. Pskov, Novgorod, Smolensk oblasts of Russia are the former Slavic-Russian principals, and they had nothing to do with the threat-Finnish Muscovy until the Moscow-Horde occupied them in 1462, 1478 and 1654 respectively!!! And in other regions of Russia (Moscow) Slavic tribes and peoples have never inhabited!!!
10. The Golden Horde and its daughter, Muscovia, are the only countries in the world that have kept their own people in slaves!!! This explains the eternal backwardness of natural fossil-rich Muscovy from the comparatively natural resources of European countries!!! After all, the effectiveness of the work of free people is much higher than slaves!!!
P/S.
A new blow to the myths of the Russian national consciousness!!! At the beginning of research on the gene fund of the Russian people conducted by Russian scientists in 2000-2006. They have shown that genetically Russians are not Slavs at all, but purebred Finns, no different from Mordva (see. article "Face of Russian Nationality", No.15, 2006). According to the Moscow Lev Gumilev Center dated March 18, Russian scientists conducted an unheard-of study of the Russian gene pool for the first time in history - and were shocked by the results !!! Including these studies fully confirmed that Russians are not Slavs, but only Russian-speaking Finns. The results of the analysis of mitochondrial DNA have shown that another closest relative of Russians, in addition to the Finns of Finland, are Tatars: Russians from Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conditional units, which separate them from the Finns!!! In the myth about the "Slavic roots of Russians" scientists of Russia put a fat point: there is NOTHING from Slavs in Russian!!!! There is only about Slavic-Russian, but it also contains 60–70% non-Slavic vocabulary, so a Russian person cannot understand Slavic languages, although a true Slavic understands any Slavic languages (except Russian) because of the similarity of Slavic languages. Russians live in Russia, but not Russians. RUSSIA was and is, only KYIV!!!
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